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Those who adopt unrelated children


A) are less likely to be older.
B) are less educated women and couples.
C) are most commonly couples or individuals in which the woman has had no children, has impaired fertility, and has used infertility services.
D) have lower incomes.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The text lists several advantages to earlier parenthood. Which is NOT among them?


A) better physical health
B) grandparents are younger, and could help with the children
C) more time to pursue a career before having children
D) less of a "generation gap" between themselves and their children

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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As noted in the text, which of the following terms is often used now instead of the more negative sounding childless?


A) non-natal
B) childfree
C) child absentia
D) pro-choice childlessness

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Traditionally in American society, children were viewed as


A) demographic statistics.
B) emotional liabilities.
C) emotional necessities.
D) economic assets.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Is American society pronatalist or aninatalist? Give reasons to support your answer.

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American society can be considered prona...

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An estimate of the cost of raising a child born in 2007 to the age of 18 for middle-income families was


A) $35,000.
B) $65,000.
C) $125,000.
D) $269,000.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The American Psychological Association has taken the position that


A) "abortion is a safe procedure that carries few. . .psychological risks."
B) "those who have abortions are at risk for 'abortion trauma'"
C) "abortion is a mental health risk for some individuals."
D) abortion is bad for your mental health

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The text offers several explanations for the drop in overall fertility levels. Which of the following is NOT one of these?


A) waiting longer to have their first babies
B) childbearing having increasingly shifted to later ages
C) an increase in sexual abstinence
D) a higher incidence of childlessness

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Evidence shows that children, especially when they are young, tend to have which of the following influences on marriage?


A) disruption
B) dissolution
C) stabilization
D) altercation

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Based on the text's discussion, what are the different types of adoption? Give an example of each.

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There are several different types of ado...

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The value of children perspective has more recently been supplemented by a(n) __________ perspective on the benefits of parenthood.


A) social capital
B) pro-natalist
C) anti-natalist
D) economic liability

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In the U.S., about __________ of unintended pregnancies are aborted.


A) one-fifth
B) two-fifths
C) three-fifths
D) four-fifths

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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What percent of U.S. women surveyed in 2001 said "no" to the question of whether "a woman needs the experience of motherhood to have a complete life?"


A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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When parents are interviewed, they report a variety of emotional satisfactions from having children. Which of the following is NOT one of these?


A) meaning and purpose in life
B) the assurance that they would be well cared for in their old age
C) the identity of parenthood
D) a sense of commitment and meaning in an uncertain social world

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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In a(n) __________ adoption, children are taken into a parent's home, but the adoption is not legally formalized.

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Briefly discuss the social and ethical implications of modern reproductive technology.

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Modern reproductive technology has broug...

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Going through infertility treatment is costly, with the average cost for one IVF running at over ____________, with additional costs for fertility drugs.


A) $8,000
B) $5,000
C) $3,000
D) $1,000

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Abortion decisions are primarily made within the context of unmarried, accidental pregnancy.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following concepts indicates the condition of wanting to conceive and bear a child but being physically unable to do so?


A) involuntary infertility
B) subfecundity
C) primary infertility
D) tertiary infertility

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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__________ is the technical term used in the social sciences for reproductive capacity.

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